Women and men remain concentrated in different jobs and fields, a trend known as occupational segregation. Occupational Segregation Contributes to the Gender Gap 21 Women sexually harassed at work are 6.5 times as likely to change jobs, often to one with lower pay.Accepting masculine cultural norms and acting like “one of the boys,” which exacerbates the problem by contributing to the normalization of this culture.Distancing themselves from colleagues, especially other women.Women use various mechanisms to cope with working in male-dominated work environments, such as: 19 One study found that women pursuing male-dominated university majors experience higher levels of harassment than women earning degrees in gender-equivalent (no more than 60% of a single gender) majors. This heightened level of harassment is a problem even before women enter the workforce.In a 2017 survey, 28% of women working in male-dominated industries stated they had personally experienced sexual harassment, compared to 20% of women in female-dominated industries.Unfortunately, reports of sexual harassment are more prevalent in male-dominated industries. Lack of mentoring and career development opportunities.Higher stress and anxiety compared to women working in other fields.Pervasive stereotypes, such as that of the “caring mother” 11 or office housekeeper.Societal expectations and beliefs about women’s leadership abilities.Women working in male-dominated industries face a variety of challenges, including: Women Face Challenges Working in Male-Dominated Workplace Cultures 9 Emerging jobs in the Future of Work already show gender gaps globally, especially in growing fields like data and AI (32% women) or cloud computing (14% women) that require disruptive technical skills.Despite growth in information and communications technology, since 2010 women’s share of jobs in the sector in the European Union dropped to only 18% in 2019.In Australia, women’s employment in civil engineering and software programming has grown steadily over the past decade, outpacing men.Between 20, women’s employment increased by 5.0% in industries consisting of two-thirds men.Some job growth for women is driven by employment in male-dominated fields. However, the youngest Millennials in the US are less segregated by sex in occupations compared to previous generations.In the United States, only 6.5% of women worked full-time in male-dominated occupations in 2020. ![]() Male-dominated industries and occupations are particularly vulnerable to reinforcing harmful stereotypes and creating unfavorable environments that make it even more difficult for women to excel. Male-Dominated Occupations Are Those Comprised of 25% or Fewer Women 1
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